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Spinoza (book)
''Spinoza'' is a book about Baruch Spinoza by the English philosopher Stuart Hampshire, first published in 1951, with a revised edition in 1962,〔Hampshire 1962. p. 4.〕 and an edition with a new introduction in 1987.〔Margarlit 2015.〕 It has become a classic work about Spinoza. In 2005, ''Spinoza'', along with Hampshire's other writings on the philosopher, was incorporated into a single volume, published as ''Spinoza and Spinozism''.〔
==Summary==
Hampshire praises Spinoza as "the most ambitious and uncompromising of all modern philosophers" and discusses Spinoza's thought in its 17th century context, contrasting him with other rationalist philosophers such as René Descartes and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Hampshire believes that, while internally consistent, Spinoza's philosophy and especially his epistemology is "liable not to be appreciated" because it is simultaneously linked to two normally opposed traditions, nominalism and the coherence theory of truth.〔Hampshire 1962. pp. 11, 14-26, 116〕
In Hampshire's view, while Spinoza "deliberately effaced his own personality and wished his philosophy to stand alone", there is enough evidence to show that Spinoza was an "exceptional" man. He provides lengthy discussions of Spinoza's conception of mind and will.〔Hampshire 1962. pp. 64-5, 128-9, 227.〕 Hampshire compares Spinoza to Sigmund Freud. He sees a parallel between Spinoza's ''conatus'' and Freud's conception of ''libido'': "both philosophers conceive emotional life as based on a universal unconscious drive or tendency to self-preservation; both maintain that any frustration of this drive must manifest itself in our conscious life as some painful disturbance."〔Hampshire 1962. pp. 141-4.〕
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